This is only possible in rather extreme scenarios such as being imprisoned in a concentration camp or something of that nature I have heard people with a sense of hopelessness supposedly have more incidents of cancer and heart attacks though.
So there is some connection but how long might it take?
There are people who die young from stress and overworking but who knows how this is triggered. Also, for these people, the "young" deaths still tend to be in the 40s or 50s; most people who stress and overwork most of their lives don't sufficiently damage themselves until middle age. This would be too old for a lot of people here.
Apparently the death you speak of is triggered by a drop in blood pressure which happens in some way I personally don't understand.