My understanding is that anarchism encompasses a diverse school of thought with the common thread of opposing hierarchy. There are lots of proposed ways (some of which have seen real-world implementation) of approaching issues like violence and security. Anarchism doesn't mean lack of organization. The main thing is avoiding the creation of power structures which can (and inevitably will) be taken advantage of.
Sure, that does seem to cover what I understand it to be. No hierarchies to ensure no power imbalances. From what I understand the argument from there generally goes that everything is done in a direct democracy or tribunal decision, if any cooperation is to be had.
If you don't mind a bit of reading,
this essay puts it better than I can.
This was actually quite an interesting read, exactly what I was looking for. If I'm understanding correctly, they say that because we've seen slavery and serfdom cancelled immediately with no transition state, and that those transitions didn't fail due to some shortcomings of those who were oppressed, that the transition to anarchy should be just the same: uninhibited and unthreatened by shortcomings of people's character. They go on to say that it is only in an Anarchic order of things that bad people are deprived of the power they might be otherwise granted in a hierarchy; that in fact the absence of power is the more appropriate way to deal with bad people, rather than granting power to someone and trusting they'll use it to stop bad people.
That being said, I feel like my concern still stands; if we were in an anarchy, how do you actually prevent anyone from accruing power? It feels like author makes an unspoken assumption that power exclusively comes from willing cooperation with other people, but that doesn't seem true to me. Like you could wipe 100 people's brains and drop them naked in the wilderness; but the instant one of them finds out they're physically stronger than others, or they're the first to find a harder and sharper rock, or find out where there's more food, there's going to be a power imbalance and hence a hierarchy. Then at that point, what does it matter if everyone started equally? If someone else is starving, are they going to stick to Anarchist principles and die that way, or are they going to keep being alive, even if it means taking orders from the guy who found where the water is? The only way around it is if everyone else was super conscientious and good-natured, such that they could form a perfectly equal coalition to stomp out any one person gaining an upperhand. But that plays into the criticism that people in general aren't going to be that harmonious and conscientious. I feel like in the examples of Russian serfdom and Antebellum slavery, there's a huge distinction in that they were still freed
into a hierarchy. They may have been free to choose what, when, and where to work, and what to do with the results of their work, but they still would be punished if they tried to, say, kill or rob someone to get ahead. That slavery ended might have removed the relevance of whips as violence on people, but it did NOT remove the state (police, armies) as externally imposed monopolies on violence, still effectively subduing those parts of human nature.