It was never about national security. The red Chinese own thousands of acres of farmland very close to military bases. It was about
As an older person over 20, I understand their perspective.
It's partly about Israel, but that's not the entire reason.
In China, you can't speak out against the government. There is no freedom of speech. You can not choose who you want to run the country. Journalists also can't report if they think the government has done something wrong, so often there's not even information about when bad things happen.
There are reports that sometimes they do really horrendous things like, like harvest the eyeballs of political prisoners. It's hard to know if this is true because journalists aren't allowed to report on this.
There are things like slave labor of Muslims. The Chinese government still has some people disappear. There are things like execution vans that drive around, looking normal, and execute people who have been convicted, without a jury, of a crime.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_in_China
The main difference between the US is that China sees capitalism as evil and oppressive and also thinks the government must do anything possible to prevent capitalism inside China. But most communists also want worldwide communism. But this isn't just capitalism versus communism. It's also about free speech and the right to criticize the government and journalism without fear of the government allowing for an open society. That does not exist in China. People in the US who believe in democracy (choosing who governs you) are mostly afraid that China could try to manipulate the US into a communist revolution that results in a loss of freedom of speech and democracy.
An example of this would be that if China has a lot of information on who is gay and straight and they know someone is secretly bisexual from TikTok, and they are a Republican and conservative, China could try to pay them money to bribe them to vote the way China wants. China could also wait until there is unrest in the USA and then change the algorithm to show more unrest in the US. If there were ever a communist revolution in the US and China invaded to help the communists, biometric information and AI could be used to help Chinese soldiers immediately know who was a "friendly" communist and who was an "evil" capitalist.
The Chinese Communist government, much like the US government, is able to tell companies what to do. In the US, the government can go to court, get a judge to issue an order demanding a company do something (like spy on users), and then issue a gag order saying the company can't tell the users or the employees of the company will go to jail. That's perfectly legal. It is similar in China, the government in China can order a company to lie and hide things. This is not true in all governments. (In Sweden, you can't do that.) So when ByteDance says they don't give data to China, we don't know if it's true, the Chinese government could force them to lie.
The job of people in the Senate is to make "hard" decisions that protect the values and interests of people in the USA. This was one of those hard decisions, but also a decision that was smart to make from the perspective of planning for the future in case of wars or strife. Both conservatives and liberals are less concerned about Chinese values of collectivism and more concerned about the lack of democracy and transparency. So it was not entirely about Israel and the mistreatment of people in Gaza.
So that being said, TikTok is a great App and one of the great things about it is it is uncensored and shows the world as it is. From everything I read and saw, the Chinese weren't manipulating society with TikTok. Also, many other Big Tech Apps are heavily censored. Meta is fucking disgusting, censors things constantly, and does collect information on users. It also is pro-Israel even at the cost of sharing honest information, and also does whatever the US government wants, even at the cost of honesty and openness. Meta is awful. Google is also pro-Israel and is a terrible company because of how much power it has. It does deplatform people who say things that the US government doesn't like, including for being too critical of Israel. The effort to ban TikTok was, in fact, influenced by Israel who tried to get the US government to do this.
One of the things that absolutely sucks is there really isn't an alternative to TikTok. Reels is owned by Meta and thus is going to be heavily censored, it is going to be very pro-Israel, and it's going to be less open to everyone because Meta blocks people very easily and when it does it blocks them forever. Meta is awful. Google's YouTube also has a TikTok style reels part to it, but it sucks, the interface sucks, and it's highly censored. And any US-based company that has a TikTok clone could be ordered by the government to give the government a secret back door and not tell the public.
It really sucks. In an ideal world, the US would not treat poor people so terribly but also in China there would be journalistic freedom and the ability to criticize the government without fear of imprisonment. The worst part of all of this is that it feels like Meta is frothing at the mouth, salivating, so excited to get people to use "Reels" it's shitty highly censored product that will ban people permanently for who knows what. I am glad that younger people hate Meta and Google and realize that they suck and am glad people are downloading Red Note or whatever.
It's unfortunate that there can't be yearly conventions of understanding between the US and China so that the two countries can understand each other more. Chinese people are incredibly smart and talented and China has so much to offer the world. From the US perspective, many of the leaders and people came from English lineage and people did not have a right to criticize the king in England and the Constitution is a reaction to that, in part, and we see China the same way, the people can't criticize the king (the government) in China. It just sucks because all the US alternatives to the Chinese app are terrible. Young people hating Meta gives me hope for the future.
Although now that TikTok is banned, another US company (not Meta or Google) could make a clone App, the problem is the US clone of TikTok will likely have many of the same shitty problems as Reels or YouTube because there will eventually be court orders and gag orders. The "gag order" problem of how courts do things causes immense distrust of US software and institutions and it's unfortunate this policy exists.