Instant lethality is never 100% guaranteed, regardless of the type of ammunition, because it depends on the ability to precisely hit a critical vital area. At contact range, even less lethal ammunition can be effective, but the issue remains the distribution of kinetic energy. Hunting pellets or similar ammunition, despite having high initial energy, tend to disperse quickly even at close range. This means that the total kinetic energy is not entirely transferred to a specific point but spread across multiple micro-traumas, reducing the likelihood of an immediate shutdown of brain functions. In contrast, a single heavy projectile with high mass, such as a 1 1/2 oz slug, retains all its energy and transfers it to a single impact point, ensuring a greater probability of reaching the brainstem or other critical areas with an immediate and irreversible effect. However, it is true that in the absence of medical intervention, 100% lethality will still occur. The time required varies depending on the shot placement: if it does not immediately disrupt brain functions, massive bleeding will lead to unconsciousness within 30-90 seconds, with irreversible brain death in 3-5 minutes due to anoxia; if it involves major arteries (carotid or vertebral), arterial pressure collapses rapidly, leading to unconsciousness in 5-20 seconds, with death occurring within 1-3 minutes; if it hits the brainstem, lethality is instant or nearly so, with immediate cessation of vital functions. Therefore, it is not just a matter of ammunition power but the effectiveness of energy being concentrated on a single vital point. At contact range, hunting ammunition may be lethal over time, but its ability to guarantee an immediate outcome depends on the type of dispersion and the exact shot placement.