The subject of hypothermia needs to differentiated from the concept of "freezing to death". Hypothermia does not require sub freezing temperatures, just low enough to drop ones core temperature. Physical pain happens in sub-freezing temperatures when frostbite sets in faster then core temperature drop.
Classical staging of accidental hypothermia based on clinical signs [
34]. Reprinted with permission. Copyright 2021 European Resuscitation Council.
Stage | Clinical Findings | Estimated Core Temperature ( °C) |
---|
Hypothermia I (mild) | Conscious, shivering * | 35–32 °C |
Hypothermia II (moderate) | Impaired consciousness *; may or may not be shivering | <32–28 °C |
Hypothermia III (severe) | Unconscious *; vital signs present | <28 °C |
Hypothermia IV
(severe) | Apparent death; vital signs absent | Classically < 24 °C ** |
* Shivering or consciousness may be impaired by comorbid conditions such as trauma, central nervous system conditions, toxins or drugs, such as sedative-hypnotic drugs or opioids, independent of core temperature. ** Cardiac arrest can occur at earlier or later stages of hypothermia. Some patients may have vital signs with core temperatures < 24 °C.